Tadeusz Wolsza, SLIKA POLITIČKOG ŽIVOTA U JUGOSLAVIJI – STAV POLJSKE POLITIČKE EMIGRACIJE U VELIKOJ BRITANIJI IZ 1945. GODINE
DOI: 10.29362/2350.wol.137-146
Poljska vlada u emigraciji i novinari poljskih časopisa koji su se izdavali na britanskim ostrvima sa velikim interesovanjem su pratili sva društvena, politička, kulturna i sportska dešavanja u Jugoslaviji na kraju Drugog svetskog rata i neposredno posle. Razlog za ovo je jasan. Za vreme rata, jugoslovenska vlada u izgnanstvu je bila u Londonu, i poljski predstavnici su sa njom zadržali prijateljske odnose. Štaviše, Poljaci su pažljivo posmatrali posleratna dešavanja na Balkanu, pošto je region privukao pažnju Sovjetskog Saveza. Stoga nije bilo slučajno da su upoređivali situaciju u posleratnoj Poljskoj sa situacijom u Jugoslaviji i politikom Kremlja prema Beogradu. Dovoljno je ovde pomenuti problem komunističkih zločina (npr. masovni zločin na Blajburgu, gde je ubijeno 30.000–50.000 ljudi); zatvorski sistem koji se razvijao velikom brzinom (npr. logor smrti u Sremskoj Mitrovici, ili zloglasni Goli otok, stvoren kasnije, 1948); i drastična borba sa opozicijom koju je predvodio general Dragoljub Draža Mihailović. Bilo je takođe refleksija na jugoslovenskog lidera Josipa Broza Tita, koga je komunistička propagandna mašina stvarala velikim državnikom jednakim Staljinu (kult ličnosti). Pored svega ovoga, poljski emigrantski krugovi su sličnu pažnju posvećivali težnjama Jugoslavije da igra ulogu regionalne sile, što je bilo evidentno već 1945. Ovo je bilo povezano sa Trstom i njegovom budućnošću. Između ostalog, velika pažnja je poklonjena i parlamentarnim izborima, koji su se održali novembra 1945. Vreme i način održavanja izbora dali su materijal za razmišljanje Poljacima u Londonu, koje je vodilo razumnim zaključcima o tome šta će se desiti u bliskoj budućnosti u Poljskoj, koja je već bila pod kontrolom Sovjetskog Saveza. Takođe je vršena analiza (iako u mnogo manjoj razmeri) ekonomskih pitanja (npr. kolektivizacije), kao i kulturnih i sportskih događaja 1945. godine. U tom periodu je Jugoslavija zadržala prilično dobre odnose sa Sovjetskim Savezom, i pored nekoliko konflikata, poput onih koji su bili prouzrokovani zločinima Crvene armije nakon što je ušla u zemlju, ili nedostatkom značajne podrške Kremlja Jugoslaviji u njenim pokušajima da zauzme Trst.
Tadeusz Wolsza, AN IMAGE OF YUGOSLAVIA AS DEPICTED BY THE POLISH POLITICAL EMIGRATION IN GREAT BRITAIN – SELECTED PROBLEMS (1945)
The Polish Government-in-Exile and journalists of Polish periodicals issued in the British Islands observed with ongoing interest all social, political, cultural, and sport events in Yugoslavia at the end of the war and in the early period of peace. The reason for this was clear. During the war, the émigré government of Yugoslavia was operating in London, and the Polish authorities maintained good, friendly relations. Furthermore, Poles, watched attentively post-war developments in the Balkans, since the region drew attention of the Soviet Union. Thus, it was not a matter of chance that they compared the situation in post-war Poland with that of Yugoslavia and the Kremlin’s policy toward Belgrade. Suffice is to mention here the problems of communist crimes (for instance the Bleiburg mass crime, where ca. thirty to fifty thousand people were killed); a prison system developing at a frantic pace (e.g. a death camp at Sremska Mitrovica, or infamous Goli Otok, created later, in 1948); and a drastic fight against the opposition headed by Gen. Dragoljub “Draža” Mihailović. There were also reflections on the Yugoslavian dictator Josip Broz Tito, created as a great statesman equal to Josif Stalin by the communist propaganda machine (a personality cult). Apart all this, the Polish émigré circles paid similarly close attention to Yugoslavia’s aspirations to play a role of regional power, already evident in 1945. This was related to Trieste and its future. From among several matters, it was the problem of parliamentary elections that was considered in greater detail, taking place in November of 1945. The time and course of the elections gave the Poles in London something to think about, which led to reasonable conclusions about what could happen in the near future in Poland, already under control of the Soviet Union. There was also an analysis made (albeit on a much smaller scale) of economic matters (like, for example, collectivization), and that of cultural and sport events in 1945, that is during the period when Yugoslavia maintained fairly good relations with the Soviet Union, except for a few conflicts, such as those caused by crimes of the Red Army after it entered the country, or by the lack of solid support of the Kremlin for Yugoslavia’s attempt to seize Trieste.
