Maja Lukanc, POLJSKI ODGOVOR NA POČETAK JUGOSLOVENSKOG SUKOBA SA INFORMBIROOM

DOI: 10.29362/2350.luk.175-186

Godine 1948, kada je Hladni rat već dobio jasne obrise i svet se već podelio na dva ideološki suprotstavljena bloka, neočekivani i oštri spor između Jugoslavije i Sovjetskog Saveza snažno je odzvanjao i na istoku i na zapadu. Junsko zasedanje Informbiroa, na kom su komunističke partije javno osudile Jugoslaviju, činilo se kao izraz potpunog jedinstva i koherentnosti nedavno formiranog Istočnog bloka. Iako su članice Informbiroa jednoglasno podržale optužbe Sovjetskog Saveza, njihov početni odgovor na moskovske optužbe protiv Jugoslavije nije bio tako monolitan kao što se moglo činiti spoljnim posmatračima. Mnogi lideri istočnoevropskih zemalja gledali su skeptično na sovjetske optužbe protiv Tita i njegovog okruženja, jer su oni bili poznati kao ortodoksni komunisti. Podrška sovjetskim optužbama u pismu od 27. marta nije došla tako brzo i spontano kao što su možda želele ili očekivale moskovske vođe. Samo mađarska komunistička partija je odmah poslala pismenu potporu Moskvi, sve ostale su to učinile tek nakon većeg ili manjeg pritiska Kremlja. Vladislav Gomulka je svoje sumnje otvoreno izrazio odmah nakon što je dobio kopiju sovjetskog pismo, dok su u pravilnost određenih sovjetskih optužbi sumnjali takođe Georgij Dimitrov i Georg Georgiju Dež. Uprkos sumnji, istočnoevropski komunistički lideri su nakon jugoslovenskog odbijanja učešća na planiranoj konferenciji Informbiroa insistirali da je neophodno održati lojalnost Moskvi i rešiti spor u okviru blokovske politike. U tom duhu je Gomulka čak izrazio spremnost da posreduje u Beogradu i da jugoslovenske drugove pokuša da uveri u nepravilnost njihove odluke. Do sastanka nije došlo, a Gomulka se samo nekoliko dana kasnije suočio sa razdorom u sopstvenoj partiji. Isključenje Jugoslavije iz Informbiroa poslalo je hladnu poruku širom istočne Evrope da su do tada prihvatljivi nacionalni putevi u socijalizam iznenada postali krivična dela.

Maja Lukanc, POLISH RESPONSE TO THE BEGINNING OF THE TITO-STALIN SPLIT

In 1948, when the Cold War had already become apparent and the world had split into two ideologically opposed blocs, the unexpected and severe rift between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union came as a shock to both the West and the East. The meeting of the Cominform at the end of June 1948, where Yugoslavia was publicly denounced by its fraternal Communist Parties, appeared to be an expression of the thorough unity and harmony of the recently consolidated Soviet camp. Although the members of the Cominform unanimously supported the position of their Soviet patron, their initial response to the accusations that the Kremlin had voiced against Yugoslavia was not as unanimous as it might have seemed to external observers. Many Eastern European leaders were sceptic of the Soviet charges against Tito and his circle, whom they knew as men of the greatest communist orthodoxy. The Soviet letter of 27 March, containing the accusations against the Yugoslav Communist Party, was not supported as promptly as the Moscow leaders might have had expected or hoped for. The most immediate response came from the Hungarians, while all the other Parties sent their compliance only after a certain degree of Soviet pressure. Władysław Gomułka expressed his hesitations about the Soviet accusations immediately after receiving a copy of the Soviet letter, while Georgi Dimitrov and Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej also revealed some concerns about the validity of certain Soviet objections. Despite their doubts, the East European communist leaders – after the Yugoslavs had refused to participate in the scheduled Cominform meeting – considered it necessary to maintain their loyalty to Moscow and settle the conflict by reaching an agreement within the framework of the bloc. Gomułka even expressed his willingness to intervene in Belgrade in order to convince the Yugoslav comrades that their decision was wrong. However, the meeting did not take place, and only a few days later, Gomułka faced a split in his own Party. The very exclusion of Yugoslavia from the Cominform sent a cold message across Eastern Europe that the once acceptable national roads to socialism had suddenly become punishable offences.