Jacek Tebinka, POLJSKA I JUGOSLAVIJA U POLITICI VELIKIH SILA OD JALTE DO POTSDAMA. SLIČNOSTI I RAZLIKE
DOI: 10.29362/2022.2619.teb.215-228
I Poljska i Jugoslavija bile su saveznici u antinacističkom savezu. Poljska je bila prva žrtva Trećeg rajha, dok je Jugoslavija, nakon perioda neutralnosti, napadnuta u aprilu 1941. Vlade obe zemlje našle su privremena sedišta u Londonu. Pod njihovim vođstvom formirani su pokreti otpora koje je podržala Agencija za specijalne operacije (SOE). U slučaju Poljske, Staljin je prekinuo diplomatske odnose zbog afere Katin. To je postao ključni razlog koji je doveo do formiranja poljske komunističke vlade od strane Moskve u julu 1944. S druge strane, u slučaju Jugoslavije, povlačenje britanske podrške četnicima podređenim kraljevskoj vladi, na kraju 1943. otvorio je put eroziji podrške zapadnih sila ovoj vladi u egzilu. Godine 1944. postojala su dva centra moći koja su težila vladavini u Poljskoj i Jugoslaviji. Jednu su priznale zapadne sile i većina zemalja sveta, a drugu Sovjetski Savez. Bez obzira na to što su komunistički gerilci u Jugoslaviji bili jaki, a slabi u Poljskoj, odlučujući faktor za sovjetizaciju obe zemlje bilo je prisustvo Crvene armije na njihovim teritorijama. Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo i SAD u oba slučaja, shvatajući ograničene mogućnosti pritiska na Staljina, posebno u slučaju Poljske, podržale su stvaranje koalicionih vlada, koje su od početka postale komunističko oruđe za sovjetizaciju obe države. Josip Broz Tito, vođa komunista u Jugoslaviji, ušao je u sukob sa zapadnim silama oko Trsta, a poljski komunisti su hteli da zauzmu Zaolžije 1945. Moskva nije nameravala da toleriše neposlušnost obe vlade. Staljin nije želeo rat sa zapadnim silama ili poljsko-čehoslovački sukob. Konačno, u leto 1945. činilo se da je Jugoslavijom vladao više komunistički režim od Poljske, ali tri godine kasnije Beograd je pronašao put do nezavisnosti, iako pod Titovom vlašću.
Jacek Tebinka, POLAND AND YUGOSLAVIA IN THE POLITICS OF THE GREAT POWERS FROM YALTA TO POTSDAM. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
Both Poland and Yugoslavia were allies in the anti-Nazi alliance. Poland was the first victim of the Third Reich, while Yugoslavia, after a period of neutrality, was attacked in April 1941. The governments of both countries found temporary seats in London. Under their leadership, resistance movements were formed, that were supported by Special Operations Executive (SOE). In the case of Poland, Stalin’s broke diplomatic relations because of the Katyn affair. That became a breakthrough element, leading to the formation of a Polish communist government by Moscow in July 1944. On the other hand, in the case of the Yugoslavia, the withdrawal of British support for the Chetniks subordinated to the royal government, at the end of 1943 opened the way to the erosion of Western Powers’ support for this government-in-exile. In 1944, there were two centers of power that aspired to rule in Poland and Yugoslavia. One recognized by Western powers and most countries of the world, and the other by the Soviet Union. Regardless of the fact that the communist guerrillas in Yugoslavia were strong and weak in Poland, the decisive factor for the Sovietization of both countries was presence of the Red Army on their territories. The United Kingdom and the United States in both cases, realizing the limited possibilities of pressure on Stalin, especially in the case of Poland, supported the creation of coalition governments, which from the beginning became communist tools for the Sovietization of both states. Josip Broz Tito, the leader of the communists in Yugoslavia, got into a conflict with the Western powers over Trieste, and the Polish communists wanted to take Zaolzie in 1945. Moscow did not intend to tolerate the insubordination of both governments. Stalin did not want a war with the Western Powers or Polish-Czechoslovak conflict. Finally, in the summer of 1945, Yugoslavia seemed to be ruled by a more communist regime than Poland, but three years later Belgrade found its way to independence, albeit under Tito’s rule.
