OPERATIVNO I FIZIČKO OSIGURANJE BEZBEDNOSTI POSETA JOSIPA BROZA TITA (1946–1975)

Andrzej Zaćmiński, OPERATIVNO I FIZIČKO OSIGURANJE BEZBEDNOSTI POSETA JOSIPA BROZA TITA (1946–1975)

DOI: 10.29362/2350.zac.199-214

Josip Broz Tito je na čelu jugoslovenske delegacije u Poljskoj gostovao četiri puta: 14-20. marta 1946, 25. juna – 2. jula 1964, 19-23. juna 1972. i 10-13. marta 1975. Za vreme poseta pratila ga je Jovanka, osim u prvoj. Vreme boravka u Poljskoj, brojnost delegacije i bogati program koji je obuhvatao nekoliko ili desetak mesta, ponekad veoma udaljenih jednih od drugih, bio je veliki izazov za službe čiji je zadatak bio obezbeđenje fizičke sigurnosti gostima iz Jugoslavije. Time se bavila specijalna jedinica – Odeljenje zaštite vlade, a do 1956. Biro zaštite vlade – čiji se rad zasnivao na operativnom izviđanju lica, terena, objekata, trasa, kao i obezbeđenju lične zaštite članova jugoslovenske delegacije. To je ostvarivano u saradnji sa političkom policijom, Građanskom milicijom i brojnim drugim službama. U praksi su te aktivnosti apsorbovale znatna sredstva i snage – godine 1964. samo u dva vojvodstva (katovičkom i gdanjskom) Titovu posetu je obezbeđivalo 4.899 funkcionera, 1972. – 5.700 osoba, među njima 2.405 funkcionera operativne službe, dok su 1975. za zaštitu angažovane 1.754 osobe, od toga 167 operativnih funkcionera. U opisivanju posete jugoslovenske delegacije Poljskoj na izabranim primerima je predstavljen obim aktivnosti koje su ulazile u okvir operativnog izviđanja mesta, objekata gde su boravili jugoslovenski gosti, trasa njihovog putovanja u pogledu opasnosti koje su mogle da se pojave. U tom okviru posebna pažnja je posvećivana identifikaciji, nadzoru i operativnom obezbeđenju osoba koje su smatrane za potencijalno opasne. Karakteristika koraka koji su ulazili u obim fizičke (lične) zaštite članova jugoslovenske delegacije činila je dopunu te forme osiguranja bezbednosti.

 

Andrzej Zaćmiński, OPERATIONAL AND PHYSICAL ENSURING THE SECURITY OF JOSIP BROZ TITO’S VISITS IN POLAND (1946-1975)

Josip Broz Tito, as the head of the Yugoslav delegation, visited Poland four times: on 14-20 March 1946; June 25 – July 2, 1964; June 19-23, 1972, and March 10-13, 1975. During his visits, apart from the first one, he was accompanied by Jovanka. The duration of his stay in Poland, the number of delegations, and the rich program covering several or a dozen places, sometimes far from each other, posed a great challenge for the services whose task was to ensure physical safety for guests from Yugoslavia. This was done by a special unit – the Government Protection Department, and from 1956, the Government Protection Bureau. The entity recognized people, areas, objects and routes. It also protected the members of the Yugoslav delegation in cooperation with the political police and many other services. In practice, these activities absorbed considerable resources. In 1964, only in two voivodships (Katowice and Gdańsk), 4899 officers secured Tito’s visit, in 1972 – 5,700 people (including 2405 operational service), while in 1975, 1754 people were involved in the protection, including 167 operational employees. To describe Yugoslavian visits to Poland, the author presented a range of operational activities regarding the identification of places, buildings, and routes in terms of potential threats. The author paid particular attention to the identification and surveillance of people considered to be potentially dangerous. He also characterized the personal protection of the members of the Yugoslav delegation.