ODNOS NEMAČKIH OKUPACIONIH VLASTI PREMA POLJSKOJ I SRPSKOJ INTELIGENCIJI 1941–1944: UPOREDNA ANALIZA

Nataša Milićević, ODNOS NEMAČKIH OKUPACIONIH VLASTI PREMA POLJSKOJ I SRPSKOJ INTELIGENCIJI 1941–1944: UPOREDNA ANALIZA

DOI: 10.29362/2350.mil.113-126

U radu se uporednom analizom prati odnos nemačkih okupacionih vlasti prema inteligenciji u Poljskoj i Srbiji za vreme Drugog svetskog rata. Polazi se od teze koju su već ranije nagovestili neki autori da su nemačke okupacione vlasti imale u vidu „poljski model” u odnosu prema srpskoj inteligenciji. On je u slučaju Poljske podrazumevao uništenje poljske inteligencije i svođenje Poljaka na „robove”, sposobne jedino za težak rad. U tom cilju primenjene su raznovrsne mere. One su uključivale raseljavanje Poljaka, ubijanje intelektualaca i ostalih pripadnika elite poljskog društva, prinudni rad, ukidanje svih škola, kulturnih i drugih društva… Nasilje nacističkog režima u Poljskoj je od jeseni 1939. do proleća 1941. bilo neuporedivo veće nego u zapadnoj i severnoj Evropi. Jugoslavija je u proleće 1941. godine napadnuta i podeljena. Srbija je kažnjena kao remetilački faktor. Ona je svedena na najuže granice i svrstana u kategoriju okupiranih zemalja poput Poljske. Neki autori pominju ideje i planove da ona, a time i njena inteligencija, budu „polonizirani”, odnosno uređeni po „poljskom modelu”. Predložene su neke mere poput hapšenja svih srpskih studenata i drugih lica koja pripadaju srpskoj inteligenciji na teritoriji Rajha, hapšenja po poternicama i drugim nalozima i sprovođenje u logore intelektualaca, protivnika Rajha (masoni, anglofili, komunisti, pripadnici patriotskih udruženja). Ova poslednja mera je delimično ostvarena. Politika nemačkih vlasti prema srpskim intelektualcima menjala se u skladu sa razvojem vojne situacije. Pooštravana je u vreme ustanka, naročito u jesen 1941. Kasnije je dolazilo do povremenih ublažavanja. „Poljski model” je, na sreću srpskih intelektualaca, više ostao kao pretnja.

 

Nataša Milićević, ATTITUDE OF GERMAN OCCUPIERS TOWARD POLISH AND SERBIAN INTELLIGENTSIA 1941-1944: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

This paper compares the attitude of German occupiers toward intellectuals in Poland and Serbia. Its starting point is the thesis made by some authors, that German occupation authorities had the “Polish model” in mind, when they were planning policy toward Serbian intelligentsia. In the case of Poland, their plan was an extermination of Polish intellectuals, and reducing of Polish people to “slaves” suitable only for hard work. For that purpose, different measures were applied. They included displacement of population, killing of intellectuals and other elite members, forced labor, abolition of all educational facilities, closing of cultural and other patriotic societies… Brutality of Nazi regime in Poland from the Fall 1939 to the Spring 1941, surpassed by far conduct of German occupiers in the Western and Northern Europe. In Spring 1941, Yugoslavia was attacked and dismantled. Serbia was most severely punished as a disturbing factor in the region. It was reduced to the minimal size, and categorized as occupied territory. Its status was comparable to Polish one. Some authors mention ideas and plans for “polonization”. The term implied that Serbian society, particularly intelligentsia, should have been organized according “Polish model”. Some measures were suggested: arresting of all students and other intellectuals in territories occupied by Reich, issuing of warrants for all intellectuals who were regarded as enemies of the Reich (anglophiles, free masons, communist, members of the patriotic societies) their sending to the concentration camps. This last measure was partially realized. The treatment of Serbian intellectuals by German occupation authorities changed according to the military developments. It was tightened up in the time of uprising, especially in the Autumn of 1941. Later this treatment was mitigated. “Polish model” remained, fortunately for the Serbian intellectuals, more a threat.