Marek Grzegorz Zieliński, O JUGOSLAVIJI 1955. GODINE U NOVINSKIM IZVEŠTAJIMA UČESNIKA POLJSKE DELEGACIJE SAVEZA OMLADINE POLJSKE: IRENE RIBČINJSKE I ELIGIUŠA LASOTE
DOI: 10.29362/2022.2619.zie.283-298
Na poziv Narodne omladine Jugoslavije, 2-19. decembra 1955. godine, delegacija Saveza omladine Poljske, među kojima su bili Zdislav Grudzen (1924–1982), Stanislav Kania (1927–2020), Jan Šidlak (1925–1997) kao i dvoje glavnih urednika časopisa „Po Prostu“ Eligijuš Lasota (1929-2001) i „Novo selo“ Irena Ribčinjska (rođena 1925), otišli su u Beograd. Njihov put u Jugoslaviju bio je moguć u kontekstu promena politike SSSR-a prema Jugoslaviji i bio je deo novog procesa približavanja Poljske i Jugoslavije kojim su vladali Boleslav Bierut i Josip Broz-Tito. Pre ovog putovanja, već u oktobru, delegacija NOJ na čelu sa generalnim sekretarom Mikom Tripalom (1926-1995) boravila je u Poljskoj više od dve nedelje. Predstavnici omladine Jugoslavije gostovali su u Varšavi i Krakovu, Novoj Huti, Pomeraniji i Šleziji. Tada su donete odluke da se razmene radničke i studentske grupe i pozove poljska delegacija u Jugoslaviju. Nakon putovanja, Irena Ribčinjska i Eligijuš Lasota objavili su svoje izveštaje. Lasota je u „Po Prostu“ objavio jedan foto-esej i pet tekstova, svaki sa različitim naslovima: „Danas samo razglednice“, „Sa ispitom ili bez njega?“, „Kako i od čega žive studenti?“, „Na putevima i van terena Bosne“, „U rudniku Kreka“, „Malo o privredi“. S druge strane, Irena Ribčinska je u „Novom selu“ objavila samo kratku foto-reportažu, dok se stvarni izveštaj, u devet stubaca, pojavio pod zajedničkim naslovom „Beleške sa puta u Jugoslaviju“ na stranicama „Zastave mladih“. Oba izveštaja su objavljena po povratku delegacije u Poljsku, u prvom tromesečju 1956. godine. Može se reći da su se izveštaji oba novinara uklapali u profil časopisa u kojima su izlazili, a takođe su bili prilagođeni interesima njihovih čitaoca. Kako su ovi tekstovi objavljeni u isto vreme, informacije o različitim rešenjima u funkcionisanju socijalističkog sistema u Jugoslaviji nesumnjivo su dospele do široke publike. To je bilo tim važnije što je, kako je sam Lasota rekao, stanje znanja Poljaka o socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji tog vremena, odnosno društvenim, ekonomskim i kulturnim problemima, bilo ograničeno. Ribčinjska nije krila od čitalaca da je samo zahvaljujući svom putovanju i tamo održanim razgovorima uspela da upozna suštinu sistemske transformacije u Jugoslaviji posle 1950. godine. Ruta posete poljske delegacije vodila je preko Beograda, Tuzle, Lukavca, Zenice, Sarajeva, Jablanice, Mostara, Splita, Ljubljane, Zagreba i Novog Sada. U okviru veoma bogatog programa održani su sastanci sa članovima omladinskih partijskih organizacija, studentima, radnicima, poljoprivrednicima, predstavnicima jugoslovenske kulture i nauke. Ostala posećena mesta su industrijska postrojenja, novoizgrađena radnička stambena naselja, državne farme, društveni centri, kao i klubovi, pozorišta i muzeji. Odnosi uspostavljeni tokom putovanja omogućili su dalje široke kontakte mladih u bliskoj budućnosti – 1956. godine, kada se politički preobražaj jače osetio i u Poljskoj. Informacije o različitim političkim rešenjima, problemima sa kojima se suočavala jugoslovenska omladina, čarima države, stigle su do poljske omladine zahvaljujući novinarima. Međutim, intenzitet saradnje omladinskih organizacija obe zemlje zavisio je od koraka preduzetih na političkom nivou, uključujući i odluke vodećih aktivista Poljske omladinske asocijacije koji su bili članovi delegacije.
Marek Grzegorz Zieliński, THE IMAGE OF YUGOSLAVIA IN 1955 IN THE PRESS RELATIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE POLISH DELEGATION OF THE POLISH YOUTH ASSOCIATION: IRENA RYBCZYŃSKA AND ELIGIUSZ LASOTA
At the invitation of the Union of the People’s Youth of Yugoslavia, on December 2-19, 1955, a delegation from the Polish Youth Association, including Zdzisław Grudzień (1924–1982), Stanisław Kania (1927–2020), Jan Szydlak (1925–1997) as well as two editors-in-chief of “Po Prostu” Eligiusz Lasota (1929-2001) and “Nowa Wieś” Irena Rybczyńska (born 1925), went to Belgrade. Their trip to Yugoslavia was possible in the context of changes of the USSR politics towards Yugoslavia and was a part of a new rapprochement process between Poland and Yugoslavia ruled respectively by Bolesław Bierut and Josip Broz-Tito. Before this trip took place, already in October, Omladina’s delegation headed by Secretary General Miko Tripalo (1926-1995) stayed in Poland for over two weeks. Representatives of the Youth of Yugoslavia were hosted in Warsaw and Krakow, Nowa Huta, Pomerania and Silesia. Then the decisions to exchange workers’ and students’ groups and to invite Polish delegation to Yugoslavia were made. After the trip, Irena Rybczyńska and Eligiusz Lasota published their accounts. Lasota published in “Po Prostu” one photo essay and five articles, each entitled differently: “Today only Postcards”, “With or without an Exam?”, “How and what do Students live for?”, “On the Roads and Offroads of Bosnia”, “In the Kreka Mine”, “A Little about the Economy”. On the other hand, Irena Rybczyńska in “Nowa Wieś” published only a short photo report, while the actual report, closed in nine columns, appeared under the joint title “Notes from the Trip to Yugoslavia” in the pages of “Sztandar Młodych”. Both reports were published after the return of the delegation to Poland, in the first quarter of 1956. It can be said that the accounts of both journalists fit into the profile of the magazines in which they appeared, and were also tailored to the interests of their readers. As those texts were published at the same time, the information about different solutions in the functioning of the socialist system in Yugoslavia undoubtedly reached a wide audience. It was all the more important because, as Lasota himself stated, the state of knowledge of Poles about socialist Yugoslavia that time, namely social, economic and cultural problems was limited. Rybczyńska did not hide from her readers that only due to her travel and during the talks held there she was able to get to know the essence of the systemic transformation in Yugoslavia after 1950. The route of the Polish delegation’s visit led through Belgrade, Tuzla, Lukavac, Zenica, Sarajevo, Jablanica, Mostar, Split, Ljubljana, Zagreb, and Novi Sad. As part of a very busy program, meetings were held with members of youth party organizations, students, workers, farmers, representatives of Yugoslav culture and science. Other visited places were industrial plants, newly built workers’ housing estates, state-owned farms, community centers as well as clubs, theatres and museums. The relations established during the trip made possible further broad youth contacts in the near future – 1956, when the political transformation was also felt more strongly in Poland. Information about different political solutions, problems which Yugoslav youth had to face, the charms of the state, reached Polish youth thanks to journalists. However, the intensity of cooperation between youth organizations of both countries were dependent on the steps taken at the political level, including the decisions of the leading activists of the Polish Youth Association who were members of the delegation.
