Nenad Ž. Petrović, KRIZA U POLJSKOJ 1980-1982. GODINE I POLITIKA JUGOSLAVIJE
DOI: 10.29362/2022.2619.pet.411-426
Posle završnog akta Konferencije u Helsinkiju 1975. godine koji su prihvatile i sve socijalističke zemlje pojavili su se novi disidentski pokreti koji su svoje uporište nalazili u zaštiti ljudskih prava. Najsnažniji otpor režimu uspostavljenom posle 1945. godine u Istočnoj Evropi pružan je u Poljskoj. Sindikat Solidarnost razvio je naročito tokom 1980. i 1981. godine veliku aktivnost protiv režima iskorišćavajući duboku ekonomsku krizu koja je potresala Poljsku. Krajem godine vojska predvođena generalom Jaruzelskim izvršila je udar i zavela ratno stanje. Bio je to formalno prvi vojni udar u jednoj socijalističkoj zemlji mada su ta društva bila toliko militarizovana da se moglo govoriti o vojno-policijskim diktaturama kakva je postojala i u SFRJ. Stav jugoslovenskih zvaničnika i dirigovanog dela javnosti prema uvođenju ratnog stanja u Poljskoj bio je dvoličan i zlurad. Dok se tamo savetovalo obazrivo postupanje i krajnja pomirljivost pri rešavanju krize, dok se osporavala terminologija „kontrarevolucija“ dotle se u Jugoslaviji pred narastajućim problemima ne samo koristila ista terminologija već se ovde nemilosrdno obračunavalo sa domaćim disidentima. Brojni su procesi vođeni posle Titove smrti: Franji Tuđmanu u Zagrebu zbog izjava za nemačku štampu o broju žrtava Jasenovca, Gojku Đogu zbog pesama iz zbirke Vunena vremena, „proces šestorici“ 1984. godine u Beogradu, proces Vojislavu Šešelju iste godine u Sarajevu, gomila suđenja i drakonskih osuda na Kosovu zbog „kontrarevolucije i iredentizma“… Sve to nije sprečilo raspad SFRJ koji se zbio na najgori mogući način. Poljski događaji označili su uvertiru za slom svih socijalističkih režima krajem osamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Pokazalo se da jugoslovenski model, čak i ako se prihvati ocena da je bio bolji i mekši, nije mogao da preživi pad „realnog socijalizma“ Istočnog bloka.
Nenad Ž. Petrović, THE CRISIS IN POLAND 1980-1982 AND POLITICS IN YUGOSLAVIA
After the final act of the Helsinki Conference in 1975, which was accepted by all socialist countries, new dissident movements appeared and they found their stronghold in the protection of human rights. The fiercest resistance to the regime established in Eastern Europe after 1945 was in Poland. During 1980 and 1981 the trade union Solidarity developed significant actions against the regime using a deep economic crisis in Poland. At the end of the year, the army led by the general Jaruzelski organized the coup and created a state of war. Formally it was the first military coup in one socialist country although these societies were militarized to such an extent that they could be described as the military-police dictatorships, which also existed in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The attitude of Yugoslav officials and guided part of public towards the introduction of war state in Poland was two-faced and malicious. While cautious actions and utmost conciliation were advised in solving the crisis there, while the terminology ‘counter revolution’ was disputed, in Yugoslavia not only was the same terminology used in face of growing problems, but also local dissidents were mercilessly fought against. After Tito’s death numerous processes were led against: Franjo Tudjman in Zagreb because of his statement for the German press about the number of victims in Jasenovac, Gojko Djogo because of his songs from the collection Woolen Times, “The Belgrade Six” in 1984, Vojislav Seselj in Sarajevo in the same year, and there were a lot of proceedings and draconian judgments in Kosovo due to ‘counter revolution and irredentism’. All these did not prevent the breakup of The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which unfolded in the worst possible way. The Polish events marked an overture for the breakup of all socialist regimes at the end of 1980s. It was shown that the Yugoslav model, even if one accepts the estimate that it was better and milder, could not survive the fall of ‘real socialism’ of the Eastern Bloc.