Mario Jareb, KRALJEVSKA JUGOSLAVENSKA VLADA U IZBJEGLIŠTVU 1941. – 1944.: DRŽAVNA USTANOVA ILI SKUP SUKOBLJENIH POJEDINACA I STRANAKA

DOI: 10.29362/2022.2664.jar.79-93

U radu se razmatra može li se o Kraljevskoj jugoslavenskoj vladi u izbjeglištvu govoriti kao o tijelu koje je predstavljalo Kraljevinu Jugoslaviju u cjelini ili je bila riječ o skupini pojedinaca (ili skupinama) koji su prvenstveno istupali kao zastupnici pojedinačnih, nacionalnih i/ili stranačkih interesa. Vlada je nedvojbeno formalno postojala kao vrhovno tijelo državne vlasti Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Nije obnašala faktičnu vlast na području svoje zemlje, no predstavljala ju je u javnosti i političkim krugovima savezničkih zemalja. Jedna od temeljnih karakteristika rada članova vlade bili su stalni međusobni sukobi pojedinih ministara i skupina s obzirom na njihove političke preferencije i narodnosnu pripadnost. U radu su navedeni brojni izvori karakteristični za prikaz karaktera djelovanja vlada, koji potvrđuju da je prevladavajući dojam koji se može steći pri razmatranju rada vlade stalni sukob među njezinim članovima, posebice onaj hrvatsko-srpski, te u skladu s tim njihovo djelovanje kao pojedinaca i skupina koji su zastupali svoje posebne interese. Pa ipak su sve vlade do kolovoza 1943. bile reprezentativne u smislu predstavljanja triju skupina – Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca. Tada je dolaskom vlade Božidara Purića vlada izgubila i na reprezentativnosti. Iako predstavljena kao činovnička vlada, ona je uz tek kratko sudjelovanje u njoj jednoga predstavnika Hrvatske seljačke stranke kao istinskoga predstavnika Hrvata zapravo djelovala bez predstavnika Hrvata i Slovenaca. Nekoliko ministara te vlade koji su doduše podrijetlom bili Hrvati bili su, kao jugoslavenski nacionalisti i sudionici četničkoga pokreta, sve samo ne predstavnici hrvatskoga naroda. Vlada Ivana Šubašića u smislu reprezentativnosti bila je svojevrstan povratak na legitimno predstavljanje Hrvata i Slovenaca, no kao jedini od Srba dulje je vrijeme član vlade bio tek Sava Kosanović iz Samostalne demokratske stranke. Predsjedniku vlade Šubašiću bila je namijenjena uloga sporazumijevanja s Titom i njegovim Nacionalnim komitetom oslobođenja Jugoslavije kao faktičnom vladom nove Jugoslavije. Iako je formalno to i dalje bila Kraljevska jugoslavenska vlada, ona je s obzirom na posve nov odnos prema Nacionalnom komitetu oslobođenja Jugoslavije, Britancima i kralju bila vlada diskontinuiteta prema dotadašnjim kraljevskim jugoslavenskim vladama u izbjeglištvu.

Mario Jareb, THE ROYAL YUGOSLAV GOVERNMENT IN EXILE 1941-1944: A STATE INSTITUTION OR A SET OF CONFLICTING INDIVIDUALS AND PARTIES

The paper examines whether the Royal Yugoslav Government in exile can be observed as a body that represented the Kingdom of Yugoslavia as a whole, or whether it was a group of individuals (or groups) who primarily acted as representatives of individual, national and/or party interests. The government undoubtedly formally existed as the supreme body of state power of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Government did not exercise actual power on the territory of her country, but it represented it in the public and political circles of the Allied countries. One of the fundamental characteristics of the work of government members was the constant conflicts between individual ministers and groups regarding their political preferences and ethnic affiliation. The paper lists numerous sources characteristic of the character of the Government’s activities, which confirm that the primary impression that can be gained by considering the work of the government is the constant conflict between its members, especially the Croatian-Serbian conflict, and accordingly the activities of its members as the activities of individuals and groups that represented their special interests. And yet, until August 1943, all governments were representative in the sense of representing three groups – Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Then, with the arrival of Božidar Purić’s government, the Government also lost its representativeness. Although presented as a bureaucratic government, it acted without representatives of Croats and Slovenes, with only a short participation of one representative of the HSS as a true representative of the Croats. Several ministers of that government, who were, admittedly, Croats by origin, were, as Yugoslav nationalists and participants in the Chetnik movement of Draža Mihailović, anything but representatives of the Croatian people. In terms of representativeness, Ivan Šubašić’s government was a kind of return to the legitimate representation of Croats and Slovenes, but for a long time Sava Kosanović from the Independent Democratic Party was the only Serb member of the government. Prime Minister Šubašić was assigned the task of negotiating with Tito and his National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ) as the de facto government of the new Yugoslavia. Although formally it was still the Royal Yugoslav government, in view of the completely new relationship towards the NKOJ, the British and the king, it was a government of discontinuity compared to the previous Royal Yugoslav governments in exile.