Aleksandar Rakonjac, „IZMEĐU VELIKIH POLITIČKIH ŽELJA I REALNIH EKONOMSKIH MOGUĆNOSTI“: JUGOSLOVENSKO-POLJSKI PRIVREDNI ODNOSI (1945−1949)
DOI: 10.29362/2022.2619.rak.241-254
Jugoslovensko-poljski ekonomski odnosi u međuratnom periodu bili su po svim merilima skromnog značaja. Posleratno prekomponovanje odnosa snaga u Evropi imalo je veliki uticaj na odnose dve zemlje u oblasti privrede. Jugoslovenski komunisti su od prvih posleratnih dana nastojali da izgrade što čvršće odnose sa slovenskim državama, a Poljska, kao najveći sused Nemačke, bila je od primarnog značaja za jugoslovensku spoljnu politiku. Već u martu 1946. godine dve zemlje su potpisale Pakt o prijateljstvu i uzajamnoj pomoći. Time su ukupni međusobni odnosi podignuti na najviši nivo i to se do kraja godine odrazilo na sferu privredne saradnje koja je ostvarila veliki rast. Izazovi industrijalizacije sa kojima se suočavala Jugoslavija naterali su državni vrh da u savezničkoj Poljskoj potraži mogućnost da stekne sva industrijska znanja koja su zemlji nedostajala. Značajan podsticaj povećanju ekonomske saradnje dao je Petogodišnji sporazum o razmeni dobara iz maja 1947. godine. Obavljena je razmena učenika u privredi, dogovoreni dalekosežni projekti industrijske saradnje, a obim trgovinske razmene je nekoliko puta povećan do sredine 1948. Početak jugoslovensko-sovjetskog sukoba nagovestio je velike promene, koje su postale izraženije posle objavljivanja Rezolucije Informbiroa 28. juna 1948. godine. Poljska vlada je odlučila da stane na sovjetsku stranu, a to se ubrzo odrazilo i na ekonomsku saradnju sa Jugoslavijom. Iako je konačni raskid formalno usledio u jesen 1949. godine, on je bio vidljiv na svim poljima već početkom godine. U periodu četvorogodišnje saradnje, uprkos realnim ekonomskim ograničenjima, u najvećoj meri su ostvarene želje jugoslovenskog rukovodstva za uspostavljanjem čvrstih ekonomskih veza sa Poljskom. Razlaz Tito-Staljin stavio je tačku na dotadašnju i dalju ekonomsku saradnju dve zemlje.
Aleksandar Rakonjac, “BETWEEN GREAT POLITICAL DESIRES AND REAL ECONOMIC POSSIBILITIES”: YUGOSLAV-POLISH ECONOMIC RELATIONS (1945−1949)
Yugoslav-Polish economic relations in the interwar period were of modest importance by all measures. The post-war recomposition of the balance of power in Europe had a great impact on the relations between the two countries in the field of economy. From the first post-war days, the Yugoslav communists tried to build the strongest possible relations with the Slavic states, and Poland, as Germany’s largest neighbor, was of primary importance for Yugoslav foreign policy. As early as March 1946 the two countries signed the Pact of Friendship and Mutual Assistance. This raised the overall mutual relations to the highest level and that by the end of the year was reflected in the sphere of economic cooperation, which achieved a great increase. The challenges of industrialization that Yugoslavia was confronting forced the state leadership to look for an opportunity to acquire in allied Poland all the industrial knowledge in which the country lacked. The Five-year exchange of goods Agreement from May 1947 gave a significant impetus to the increase of economic cooperation. The exchange of students in the economy was done, far-reaching projects of industrial cooperation were concluded, and the volume of trade exchange was increased several times by the middle of 1948. The beginning of the Yugoslav-Soviet conflict signaled major changes, which became more pronounced after the announcement of the Cominform Resolution on June 28, 1948. The Polish government decided to take the Soviet side, and that soon reflected on economic cooperation with Yugoslavia. Although the final break formally followed in the fall of 1949, it was visible in all fields as early as the beginning of the year. During the period of four years of cooperation, despite the real economic constraints, the great wishes of the Yugoslav leadership for establishing strong economic ties with Poland were mostly realized. Unfortunately for the Yugoslav leadership, the Tito-Stalin split put an end on previous and further economic cooperation between two countries.
