Jelena Jovanović Simić, FRANC GREJER (FRANCISZEK GROËR, 1887–1965), OSNIVAČ KATEDRE PEDIJATRIJE I DEČIJE KLINIKE MEDICINSKOG FAKULTETA U BEOGRADU
DOI: 10.29362/2022.2619.jov.489-510
Neposredno po osnivanju 1920, Medicinski fakultet u Beogradu se suočio sa brojnim teškoćama u organizaciji nastave, u prvom redu zbog nedostatka potrebnog prostora i kvalifikovanog nastavnog kadra. Za pojedine predmete, među kojima je bila i pedijatrija, moralo se pribeći angažovanju profesora iz inostranstva. Za kontraktualnog redovnog profesora pedijatrije Savet fakulteta je 20. februara 1924. izabrao Francišeka Grejera (Bjelsko Bjala, 1887–Varšava, 1965), do tada redovnog profesora istog predmeta na Univerzitetu u Lavovu, tada u Poljskoj, i direktora tamošnje Dečije klinike. Obećanje u vezi sa podizanjem nove zgrade za Dečiju kliniku, koje je još 1919. dobio od univerzitetske uprave u Lavovu, nije bilo ostvareno, pa je Grejer ponudu iz Beograda prihvatio upravo iz želje da rukovodi stvaranjem jedne nove, moderne klinike. Zato je podizanje zgrade za Kliniku bilo precizirano i ugovorom koji je sklopio sa beogradskim univerzitetom o svom angažovanju na godinu dana. U leto 1924. Grejer je posetio Beograd radi detaljnih dogovora. Do stupanja na dužnost u oktobru 1924, naučio je srpski jezik pa je predavanja studentima od prvog dana držao na srpskom. Za potrebe praktične nastave, u jednom zakupljenom stanu je organizovao Polikliniku koja je vrlo brzo stekla poverenje građanstva. Svoje znanje i iskustvo nesebično je delio sa mladim lekarima, budućim pedijatrima. Na osnovu Grejerovih skica, arhitekta Svetozar Jovanović je izradio projekat i predračune za zgradu Dečije klinike. Međutim, zbog administrativno-finansijskih teškoća izgradnja se nije mogla započeti 1925, kako je bilo planirano. To je značilo da će rad sa pacijentima i dalje biti ograničen na Polikliniku, a bez rada sa ležećim pacijentima delokrug za Grejerova naučna istraživanja ostao bi nedovoljan. Zbog tih razloga je 1. jula 1925. podneo ostavku na dužnosti profesora i upravnika Klinike, ali je izrazio spremnost da se ponovo angažuje nakon podizanja kliničke zgrade. Profesor Grejer se vratio na svoje dužnosti u Lavovu, gde su ga 1939. zatekli Drugi svetski rat, sovjetska i potom nemačka okupacija. Bio je jedini profesor koji je preživeo masakr poljskih profesora i njihovih porodica koji su izvršile nemačke okupacione vlasti 1941. Po završetku rata i preuzimanju Lavova od strane SSSR-a, odselio se u Poljsku (1946). Do penzionisanja 1961. bio je na brojnim dužnostima, najpre na mestu prorektora Šleske medicinske akademije u Bitomu (1948–1951), zatim upravnika Dečijeg odeljenja varšavskog Instituta za tuberkulozu (odeljenje u Otvocku) i direktora Instituta za majku i dete u Varšavi. Za dopisnog člana Poljske akademije nauke izabran je 1954. Austrijanac poreklom, ali Poljak po izboru, Grejer je bio istaknuti naučnik koji je uživao veliki ugled među evropskim i američkim pedijatrima. Transplantacije koštane srži kod dece, koje je 1938. izvršio u saradnji sa kolegom Janom Rašek-Rozenbušom, bile su prve u Poljskoj, a verovatno i u svetu. Zajedno sa Rašek-Rozenbušom, takođe se smatra utemeljivačem sistema zdravstvene zaštite majke i deteta u posleratnoj Poljskoj.
Jelena Jovanović Simić, FRANCISZEK GROËR (1887–1965), FOUNDER OF THE PEDIATRICS DEPARTMENT AND THE CHILDREN’S CLINIC AT THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE IN BELGRADE
At the very start of operation in 1920, the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade faced numerous difficulties in the organization of teaching, primarily due to the lack of necessary space and the qualified teaching staff. For certain subjects, including pediatrics, it was necessary to hire professors from abroad. On February 20, 1924, as a contractual professor of pediatrics, the Faculty Council elected Franciszek Groër (Bielsko-Biała, 1887–Warsaw, 1965), previously a full professor of the same subject at the University of Lviv, at the time in Poland, and head of the Children’s Clinic in the same town. The promise regarding the construction of a new building for the Clinic, which was given to him by the University administration in Lviv in 1919, was not fulfilled, so Groër accepted the offer from Belgrade precisely out of the desire to lead the creation of a new, modern clinic. That is why the construction of the building for the Clinic was included in the contract he concluded with the University of Belgrade for a one-year engagement. In the summer of 1924, Groër visited Belgrade to make detailed agreements. Before he accepted his duty in October 1924, he learned the Serbian language, so from the first day he gave lectures to students in Serbian. For the purpose of practical classes, he founded the Outpatient Department of the Clinic in a rented apartment, which quickly gained the trust of the citizens. He selflessly shared his knowledge and experience with young doctors, future pediatricians. Based on Groër’s sketches, architect Svetozar Jovanović prepared the design and estimates for the building of the Clinic. However, it turned out that due to administrative and financial difficulties, construction could not begin in 1925, as planned. This meant that work would still remain limited to the Outpatient Clinic, and without the clinical work, the scope of Groër’s scientific research would be insufficient. For these reasons, Groër resigned as professor and head of the Clinic on July 1, 1925, but expressed his readiness to re-engage after the Clinic was built. Professor Groër returned to his duties in Lviv, where he later got caught up in World War II, Soviet and then German occupation as well. He was the only professor who survived the massacre of Polish professors and their families carried out by the German occupation authorities in 1941. After World War II and the takeover of Lviv by the USSR, he moved to Poland (1946). Until his retirement in 1961, he held numerous positions, first as vice-rector of the Silesian Medical Academy in Bytom, then director of the Children’s Department of the Warsaw Institute of Tuberculosis (Department in Otwock) and director of the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. He was elected a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1954. An Austrian by birth, but a Pole by choice, Groër was a prominent scientist who was held in high esteem by European and American pediatricians. Bone marrow transplants in children, which he performed in 1938 in collaboration with his colleague Jan Raszek-Rosenbusch, were the first in Poland, and probably in the world as well. Together with Raszek-Rosenbusch, he is also considered to be the founder of the system of maternal and child health care in post-war Poland.
