Nikola Mijatov, SOCIJALISTIČKI SPORT IZMEĐU JUGOSLAVIJE I POLJSKE (1945‒1953)
DOI: 10.29362/2022.2619.mij.255-266
Autentičnom revolucijom sa jugoslovenske strane i nametnutim režimima iz Moskve sa poljske strane, obe zemlje posle 1945. godine krenule su putem izgradnje socijalizma. Čitava država i društvo modelovano je na dijametralno drukčijim osnovama i nastojalo je da prevaziđe svoju kapitalističku prošlost. Na tom putu značajno mesto zauzimao je socijalistički sport koji je trebalo da bude radikalno različit od njegovog kapitalističkog zapadnog konkurenta. Novi sport, makar u ideji, na prvo mesto stavio je čoveka, a ne rezultat ili profit. Masovnost i svestranost su bile ključne karakteristike novog sporta i stajale su oštro nasuprot uskoj specijalizaciji nekolicine odabranih vrhunskih sportista, što je uobičajena praksa kapitalističkog sporta. Dodatno, sport je bio i oruđe u rukama diplomatije i Jugoslavije i Poljske gde se instrumentalizovao zarad jačanja veza između socijalističkih država, ali i promovisanju revolucije i dostignuća zemalja socijalizma preko sportskih rezultata. Posledično, veliki značaj pridavan je saradnji i sportskim odnosima zemalja Istočnog bloka kao segmentu prisnih veza unutar socijalističkog sveta Hladnog rata, ali i kao posledica sveukupne komplementarnosti sportske politike. Na toj liniji nastale su i Balkanske sportske igre: jedinstveno takmičenje socijalističkih zemalja. Rad analizira upravo sportske odnose socijalističke Jugoslavije i socijalističke Poljske i sve faze kroz koje su ti odnosi prošli reflektujući spoljnopolitička gibanja svojih država: od početne saradnje i produbljivanja odnosa preko Balkanskih igara do sukoba sa Informbiroom i narušavanja tek uspostavljenih sportskih veza. Obe zemlje sport su pretvorile u instrument svoga socijalizma koristeći ga i kao značajan spoljnopolitički faktor. Upotrebe tog faktora i dinamika njegovog razvoja u odnosima Jugoslavije i Poljske u periodu 1945-1953. tema je ovog rada.
Nikola Mijatov, SOCIALIST SPORT BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND POLAND (1945-1953)
With authentic revolution from Yugoslav side and installed regime from Moscow from the Polish side, both countries had after 1945 gone on the road of the upbuilding of socialism. Whole state and society were engendered on a radically different basis and aimed to overcome its capitalist past. On that road socialist sport had had a significant place and it should have been radically different than its capitalist western adversary. New sport, at least in its own idea, on the first place had put human and not result or profit. Mass participation and versality were key characteristics of new sport and stood against usual practice of capitalist sport where the narrow specialization of elite athletes is common. Adding to this, sport was also a tool for diplomacy of both Yugoslavia and Poland where it became an instrument for strengthening the connections between socialist states but also promoting revolution and achievements of socialist countries through sports results. Consequently, great significance was attributed to cooperation and sport relations of countries of the Eastern Block as a segment of close relation within the socialist world of Cold War but as well as a consequence of altogether complementary sport policies. In that context the Balkan games emerged: unique competitions of socialist states. The paper analyzes this relation of socialist Yugoslavia and socialist Poland and all the stages that these relations had been through reflecting the geostrategic maneuvers of their states. From the initial cooperation and deepening the relations through Balkan games to conflict with the Cominform and the violation of sports connections that have been made. Both countries had made of sport an instrument of their socialism using it also as a significant geopolitical factor. The usage of this factor and the dynamic of its development within the relations of Yugoslavia and Poland between 1945-1953 is the topic of this paper.