IVO ANDRIĆ I POLJSKA

Nataša Milićević, Žaneta Đukić Perišić, IVO ANDRIĆ I POLJSKA

DOI: 10.29362/2022.2619.mil.511-526

U životu i radu književnika Ive Andrića „posebno mesto“ među evropskim zemljama i narodima imala je Poljska, njena kultura i istorija. Ona je, kako je sam pisac jednom rekao, „neobična i voljena zemlja“ iz njegove mladosti. Presudan značaj za formiranje Andrićevog odnosa prema Poljskoj imale su tromesečne studije u Krakovu 1914. godine. Nije bez važnosti i činjenica da je Andrić odrastao uz teču, Poljaka Ivana Matkovčika. Ali Poljska je, kako istraživanja pokazuju, ostala „posebna“ i kasnije, kada je postao poznat i priznat pisac, diplomata i kulturni poslenik svoje zemlje. Kontakte i veze, pa i bliskost koju je osećao sa Poljacima i poljskom kulturom, nisu omeli, iako su možda utišali, ideološko-politički sukobi u vreme prvog i drugog sukoba sa Sovjetskim Savezom, koji su se odrazili i na jugoslovensko-poljske odnose. O tome su pisali pre svega književni istoričari i polonisti naglašavajući pojedine aspekte njegovog odnosa prema Poljskoj. Malo su se njime bavili istoričari. Stoga rad nastoji da interdisciplinarnim pristupom pruži sintezu dosadašnjih znanja i novih arhivskih uvida u slojevit odnos, jake emotivne i književne veze i kontakte Ive Andrića i Poljske. Ivo Andrić je pomno pratio poljsku kulturu i književnost, učio i znao poljski, čak je priznavao da u njegovim delima, iako se na prvi pogled ne bi reklo, postoji uticaj važnih poljskih pisaca (Slovackog, Mickjeviča, Krasinjskog, Žeromskog i dr). Kao jugoslovenski poslanik u Berlinu, on je izbliza video okupaciju Poljske. Nije se samo saosećao, već je i pokušavao da pomogne intervenišući, na primer, kod nacističkih predstavnika da se puste zatočeni krakovski profesori u jesen 1939. godine. Posle Drugog svetskog rata, kao predstavnik jugoslovenskih pisaca, posetio je Poljsku i radio na jačanju jugoslovensko-poljskih kulturnih i književnih veza. Poseban vid jačanja Andrićevih veza sa Poljskom predstavljaju prevodi njegovih dela na poljski jezik i njihova recepcija u poljskoj književnosti i kulturi. Nije bez značaja i da su prvi prevodi Andrićevih dela na strani jezik bili prevodi na poljski, još dok je pisac bio mlad i nepoznat (1922). Još je interesantnije da je, posle Drugog svetskog rata, i obnavljanja političkih i kulturnih odnosa Jugoslavije i Poljske, započelo prevodom romana „Na Drini ćuprija“ Ive Andrića (1956). Vrhunac tih veza predstavlja i dodela počasnog doktorata Jagelonskog univerziteta u Krakovu Andriću, nekadašnjem studentu i tadašnjem nobelovcu, na 600-godišnjicu osnivanja.

 

Nataša Milićević, Žaneta Đukić Perišić, IVO ANDRIĆ AND POLAND

Among other European countries and nations, Poland, its culture and history had a “special place” in the life and work of the writer Ivo Andrić. It is, as the writer himself once said, “an unusual and beloved country” from his youth. The three-month studies in Krakow in 1914 were of crucial importance for the formation of Andrić’s relationship with Poland. The fact that Andrić grew up with his uncle, Ivan Matkovčik, a Pole, is not without significance. But Poland, as research shows, remained “special” even later, when he became a famous and recognized writer, diplomat and cultural representative of his country. Contacts and ties, as well as the closeness he felt with the Poles and Polish culture, were not hindered, although they may have been silenced, by ideological and political conflicts during the first and second conflicts with the Soviet Union, which also affected Yugoslav-Polish relations. Literary historians and Polonists wrote about it, emphasizing certain aspects of his attitude towards Poland. Historians have dealt with it little. Therefore, the paper seeks to provide an interdisciplinary approach, a synthesis of previous knowledge and new archival insights into the layered relationship, strong emotional and literary ties and contacts between Ivo Andrić and Poland. Ivo Andrić closely followed Polish culture and literature, studied and knew the Polish language, and even admitted that in his works, although it would not seem obvious, there is the influence of 103 important Polish writers (Slovacki, Mickiewicz, Krasinjski, Žeromski, etc.). As the Yugoslav ambassador to Berlin, he saw the occupation of Poland up close. Not only did he sympathize, but he also tried to help, by intervening, for example, with the Nazi representatives, to release the detained Krakow professors in the fall of 1939. After the Second World War, as a representative of Yugoslav writers, he visited Poland and worked on strengthening of Yugoslav-Polish cultural and literary ties. A special kind of strengthening Andrić’s ties with Poland are the translations of his works into Polish and their reception in Polish literature and culture. It is not without significance that the first translations of Andrić’s works into a foreign language were translations into Polish, even when the writer was young and unknown (1922). It is even more interesting that, after the Second World War, and the renewal of political and cultural relations between Yugoslavia and Poland, it began with the translation of the novel “Bridge on the Drina” by Ivo Andrić (1956). The culmination of these ties is the awarding of an honorary doctorate from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow to Andrić, a former student and then Nobel laureate, on the six hundredth anniversary of its founding.