Goran Miloradović, USTASHA IDEOLOGY IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT IN THE 20TH CENTURY: AN ATTEMPT AT A TYPOLOGY OF MODERN DICTATORSHIPS AND EXTREME IDEOLOGIES

Goran Miloradović, USTASHA IDEOLOGY IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT IN THE 20TH CENTURY: AN ATTEMPT AT A TYPOLOGY OF MODERN DICTATORSHIPS AND EXTREME IDEOLOGIES


DOI 10.29362/2589.mil.193-212

The aim of this article is to classify modern European dictatorship and extreme ideologies according to their relations with the opposition: historicism – utopianism, which is equivalent to the political right-left wing axis. The Right encompasses ideologies and dictatorships based on historicism as a view of the world. Thеse are military-authoritarian and fascist regimes, commonly known as authoritarianism. The Left are ideologies and dictatorships based on utopianism as a view of the world. These are Stalinist and Nazi regimes commonly known as totalitarianism. Ustasha ideology is characterized as autochthonism and eclecticism. Numerous ideas, as those of racism and chauvinism, the Ustasha imported form Croatian political tradition, mainly from Antun Ante Starčević and his followers. During its existence between 1941 and 1945, Ustasha Croatia persecuted and exterminated Serbs, Jews, and Roma. The Yugoslav territories experienced all forms of modern dictatorship: military-authoritarian (1929-1935), National-socialist/Nazi (1941-1945), Ustasha or Clero-Nazi (1941-1945), Fascist (1941-1943), and Communist (1945-1990). This experience is unique in Europe.